Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries

According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), MSDs are responsible for a significant proportion of work-related illnesses in the UK. In 2022/23, an estimated 470,000 workers suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders, accounting for 27% of all workplace ill health cases.

These injuries are most prevalent in sectors such as construction, healthcare, logistics and manufacturing, where physical exertion, repetitive movements, and poor ergonomics contribute to the problem.

Causes of Musculoskeletal Disorders

MSDs typically develop due to a combination of physical and environmental factors, including:

• Manual handling – Lifting, carrying and moving heavy objects can strain muscles and joints.
• Repetitive movements – Continuous repetitive tasks, such as typing or assembly line work, can lead to RSIs.
• Poor ergonomics – Inadequate workstation design or improper posture increases the risk of MSIs.
• Prolonged sitting or standing – Staying in one position for extended periods puts stress on certain muscle groups.
• Vibration exposure – Regular use of vibrating tools, such as drills and jackhammers, can lead to conditions like hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).

Economic and productivity implications

The economic impact of MSDs in the workplace is substantial. In the UK, work-related musculoskeletal disorders result in around 7.3 million lost working days annually. This absenteeism leads to decreased productivity, increased workload for remaining staff and higher operational costs for businesses. Additionally, MSDs contribute to long-term disability and early retirement, further impacting the labour market.

MSD’s are also the biggest cause of presenteeism and the resultant loss of productivity within the workplace.

Employers also face financial burdens due to compensation claims, recruitment costs, medical expenses and the need for workplace modifications. According to estimates, the cost of workplace injuries and ill health in the UK exceeds £16 billion per year, a significant portion of which is attributed to musculoskeletal disorders.

Impact on employee wellbeing

Beyond economic consequences, MSDs have profound effects on employees’ physical and mental wellbeing. Chronic pain, reduced mobility and long recovery periods can lead to stress, anxiety and decreased job satisfaction. In severe cases, these injuries can force individuals to leave their professions altogether, affecting their long-term financial security and quality of life.

Preventative measures and solutions

Employers can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of MSDs in the workplace by implementing effective prevention strategies:

• Ergonomic assessments – Regular evaluations of workstations and tasks to ensure they meet ergonomic standards.
• Proper training – Educating employees on safe manual handling techniques and posture awareness.
• Use of assistive equipment – Encouraging the use of lifting aids, adjustable chairs and anti-fatigue mats, foot rests etc.
• Encouraging movement – Promoting regular breaks, stretching exercises and job rotation to prevent strain.
• Workplace adjustments: Implementing sit-stand desks, improved seating and optimal tool placement.
• Health surveillance: Monitoring employees for early signs of MSDs and providing prompt medical intervention.
• Workplace culture: Foster a culture of wellbeing to mental health and musculoskeletal health.

MSDs continue to be a significant challenge in UK workplaces, affecting employee health, business productivity and the economy. Employers have a legal duty to assess and mitigate risks and to prioritise prevention strategies to create safer working environments and support affected employees. Whilst compliance in the UK is one driver, by investing in ergonomic improvements, proper training, and early intervention, businesses can reduce the prevalence of MSDs and promote a healthier, more efficient workforce.